What is the formula for calculating crash rate for roadway segments?

The formula for calculating crash rate for roadway segments is crucial for understanding safety performance over a specific length of road and period of time. The correct formula is derived from the number of crashes and the exposure to crashes, which is usually a function of traffic volume and length of the roadway.

In this case, the correct formula incorporates several key factors: the number of crashes (A), the total time period for which data is collected (T, expressed in years), the length of the roadway segment (L), and vehicle exposure, typically measured in terms of annual traffic volumes (V).

The formula breaks down the crash rate into a standardized metric, allowing for comparisons across different road segments or time periods. The inclusion of both the length of the roadway and the extended conversion factors allows the crash rate to be adjusted for the specific length of roadway under observation, ensuring that the rate reflects the occurrence of crashes per unit measure of roadway and traffic volume.

By applying this formula, planners and engineers can effectively assess the safety of roadway segments and allocate resources where they are needed most, identifying high-risk areas based on historical crash data. The combination of these factors in the correct answer ensures a comprehensive view of traffic safety statistics.