What is the primary function of abutments in bridge design?

The primary function of abutments in bridge design is to distribute load to the ground. Abutments are the structural components that support the ends of a bridge and transfer the vertical loads from the bridge superstructure and the lateral loads from wind or seismic activity into the foundation and soil. This load distribution is critical for maintaining the structural integrity and stability of the bridge.

Abutments also resist any lateral forces that might act on the bridge, preventing it from sliding or overturning. In addition to their load-bearing role, they help maintain the alignment of the bridge and can provide support for any bridge approaches. While abutments can have aesthetic designs, their main purpose is to serve as a critical link between the bridge and the ground, ensuring safety and functionality.