What is the state called when structures can resist external forces and transfer loads throughout?

The concept refers to a condition known as equilibrium. In structural engineering, equilibrium occurs when all the forces acting on a structure are balanced, meaning that the sum of forces and the sum of moments applied to the structure equals zero. When a structure is in equilibrium, it can effectively resist external forces such as gravity, wind, and seismic loads without moving or deforming. This allows for the proper distribution and transfer of loads throughout the entire structure, ensuring that no part of the structure is overstressed and that it performs as intended.

Understanding equilibrium is crucial for engineers, as it forms the basis for analyzing and designing structures that can withstand applied loads during their service life. In this context, structures achieving equilibrium are vital for their safety and functionality.