What surveying instrument is specifically designed to measure both distance and angles?

The total station is an advanced surveying instrument that integrates both distance measurement and angle measurement capabilities. This instrument combines the functions of a theodolite and an electronic distance measurement (EDM) device, allowing surveyors to determine precise locations and create detailed topographical maps.

The theodolite component of the total station measures horizontal and vertical angles, while the EDM provides accurate distance measurements to a reflective target. This dual functionality enables surveyors to capture complete three-dimensional coordinates for various points in a single setup, making it highly efficient for a wide range of surveying applications, such as construction layout, land surveying, and civil engineering projects.

Other instruments mentioned have specific uses: electromagnetic distance measuring tools focus primarily on distance measurement, GPS equipment specializes in position and coordinate determination through satellite signals, and digital levels are designed for determining height differences with a high degree of accuracy but do not measure angles. The total station’s ability to perform both sets of measurements makes it a versatile tool essential for modern surveying practices.