What term describes structural components that connect the bridge to the ground at its ends?

The correct term that describes structural components connecting a bridge to the ground at its ends is "abutments." Abutments serve several key functions in bridge design: they support the ends of the bridge deck, help distribute loads from the superstructure to the foundation, and resist horizontal forces such as those caused by earth pressure or wind.

Abutments are typically made of cement, stone, or similar materials and are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity and stability of a bridge. They provide the necessary elevation to keep the bridge above the ground or water level and also prevent the bridge from shifting laterally.

In contrast, piers are vertical structures that support the bridge at points along its length, while bears likely refer to bearings, which are devices that support the superstructure and allow for some movement due to thermal expansion or contraction. Trusses are structural frameworks that provide support for the bridge deck, but they do not connect the bridge to the ground. Understanding these distinctions is essential in grasping how various components work together in bridge engineering.