What term describes the columns and beams used to build a structure, often referred to as its skeleton?

The term that describes the columns and beams used to build a structure, often considered its skeleton, is the structural frame. This framework is essential because it provides the required support and stability, allowing the building to withstand loads and environmental forces. The structural frame typically consists of vertical elements (columns) and horizontal elements (beams), which together create a rigid structure.

The structural frame is crucial in architecture and engineering as it determines how a building will perform under various conditions, including loads from occupants, furniture, wind, and seismic activity. It is designed to distribute these loads safely to the foundation and surrounding soil, ensuring the integrity and longevity of the structure.

In contrast, other options refer to related but distinct concepts. The foundation provides the support for the entire structure but is not visible as part of the skeleton. Framework is a more general term that can refer to any supporting structure, including non-load-bearing elements. The support system is too broad and can encompass various forms of support beyond just the beams and columns. Therefore, the specific terminology of a structural frame most accurately reflects the role of columns and beams in a building's overall construction.