Which of the following is NOT a step in the strength design process of LRFD?

In the strength design process under Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), the primary steps involve applying a specific methodology to ensure structures can safely carry loads. This includes applying factored loads, which involve increasing the loads to account for uncertainties in material strengths and loading conditions. Each load—live load, dead load, environmental factors—gets applied a load factor to achieve a conservative estimate.

The process also requires a linear elastic analysis, which evaluates the response of structures under applied loads within the elastic range of material behavior. This analysis helps in assessing how the structure will react under the influence of those loads.

Checking factored demands against reduced nominal strength is a crucial aspect of the design process. Here, the actual demands placed on the structure are compared to the capacity developed through the use of resistance factors on the nominal strength of materials to ensure safety and compliance with design standards.

Calculating live load, while important in certain contexts, is not specifically a step in the strength design of LRFD. The live load is just one component among various loads that are factored and analyzed within the design process; however, it's not part of the essential and distinct steps outlined in LRFD. The emphasis is more on how these loads are managed once they are identified rather than