Which structural element is often used to create vertical support in a building?

The column is the structural element specifically designed to transfer load vertically in a building. It supports the weight of the floors, roof, and other structural components above it, channeling these loads down to the foundation and ultimately to the ground. Columns are typically vertical, allowing them to effectively handle compressive forces. They can be made from a variety of materials such as concrete, steel, or timber, depending on the design requirements and structural considerations.

In contrast, beams are horizontal elements that support vertical loads and span between columns or walls. Slabs refer to flat, horizontal surfaces, often used as floors or roofs, and trusses are triangular frameworks that provide support over longer spans but are not vertical in orientation. Each of these elements has an essential role in structural integrity, but for vertical support specifically, the column is the designated component.