Which structural member is responsible for transmitting loads from above to other elements?

The column is the structural member responsible for transmitting loads from above to other elements. Columns are vertical structural components designed to support the weight of the structure, transferring loads from the beams and slabs down to the foundation. They play a critical role in maintaining the stability and integrity of a building or framework by resisting axial compression forces, bending, and sometimes lateral loads.

In contrast, beams typically span horizontal distances and primarily support loads applied perpendicular to their length, distributing those loads to columns or walls rather than directly transmitting loads to the foundation. Trusses are structural frameworks that consist of members arranged in triangular units, designed to support loads across a large area. They usually work in tension and compression but are positioned and connected in a way that allows the load to be effectively distributed to the supports. Rafters are sloped structural members that support the roof's framework, transferring loads to the walls and columns, but they are not primarily responsible for transmitting vertical loads down to the foundation like columns do. This fundamental difference in function highlights the critical role that columns play in structural integrity and load management.